Investigating Prion Diseases Essay -- BSE Prion Mad Cow Disease

Investigation of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD), New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), and the Controversy of the Etiological Agents Responsible for these Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) The connection between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), known conventionally as mad cow disease, and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) has brought BSE to the public eye. The disease in cattle seems to have crossed the species barrier and develop into a fatal disease in humans, both belonging to the group of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Now a single cow infected with BSE raises public anxiety because of the belief that humans who ate infected meat will sicken and die because of nvCJD. But how concrete is this connection between BSE and nvCJD? Though experimental data supports the connection, many questions have still not been answered. Recently, new studies have been done to find an alternative etiological agent to these diseases grouped as TSEs, and three UK scientists have linked BSE, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), and possibly nvCJD with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a surprising new claim that all three diseases ar e actually autoimmune diseases. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) came into contact with the human world as early as 1732 through an Englishman's description of scrapie, a TSE that occurs in sheep and goats; there may have been even earlier cases in the 1690's if the disease dubbed â€Å"la Tremblante† in France referred to scrapie. (Ebringer et al., 2005) TSEs are â€Å"distinct from any other amyloid-based diseases in that they alone are transmissible.† (Brown, 2004, p. 335) This d... ...m encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: facts and uncertainties underlying the causal link between animal and human diseases. Neurol Sci (25), pages 122-129. Retrieved July 25, 2005 Brown, P. (2004). Mad-cow disease in cattle and human beings: bovine spongiform encephalopathy provides a case study in how to manage risks while still learning the facts. American Scientist v29 i4, pages 334-342. Retrieved July 25, 2005 Ebringer, A., Rashid, T., Wilson, C. (2005). Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Are Probably Autoimmune Diseases Evoked by Acinetobacter Bacteria. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, pages 417-428. Retrieved July 25, 2005. doi:10.1196/annals.1313.093 Ï€Everbroeck, B., Boons, J., Cras, P. (2004). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Bunge Foundation. Retrieved July 25, 2005

How does Dickinson mock puritan values in her poems? Essay

Dickinson poem ‘the world is not conclusion’ does not reflect a concentrated attack however she does mock puritanism and undermine its values, although she is a religious catholic Christian herself she feels that people do not understand religion like she does and that they are trying understand something which they never will. She conveys in the poem that there is an afterlife and how it undiscovered ‘s you have to go through it to know, suggests that she has experienced death. mentions themes of puritanism and death in this poem, similar themes are discussed in ‘I felt a funeral in my brain’ and ‘There’s a certain slant of light’. Dickinson starts poem 501 with the lines ‘This world is not Conclusion. ‘ this line shows that Dickinson is certain that there is afterlife, this line also shows confidence in the speakers tone suggesting that maybe Dickinson has experienced this to be so certain. This line is paradoxical since since in this line she is suggesting that there is an afterlife however she ends the sentence with a full stop, implying a stop or end to something. The word conclusion stands out in this line since it starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. This gives the word ‘conclusion’ emphasises and shows its importance. This line shows religious connotations since it is related to death. It neither mocks or supports puritanism however it just highlights something that the speaker confidently believes. Poem 501 is written without any stanzas and flows right the way through this may be to highlight the continuous search for answers about death and religion and how this search it futile and everlasting since death can not be discovered. The tone at the beginning of the poem is quite arrogant implied by her confidence. Similarly in poem 280 Dickinson says ‘ I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,’ this suggests that she has been through death and that she is now recalling events from the past, this also hints that Dickinson is mocking puritan values since she may be implying that people try to understand death and she has already understood it, making her self more knowledgeable then the ‘scholars’. The word brain associates to mental stability or state of mind, we may interpret that by using the phrase ‘in my Brain’ it shows Dickinson losing her sanity and losing her mental stability as she is experiencing this in her mind rather than in reality. The coma used after ‘Funeral,’ is quite significant as it breaks the sentence in too two parts highlighting the distance between her actually experiencing death and her thinking that she is experiencing death. Against the tone her is quite arrogant as she seems to be more knowledgeable then the believers and the faithful people, suggesting she is pointing a finger at puritan values. Dickinson clearly mocks puritan values in the line ‘To guess, puzzles scholars-‘ this lines picks on the scholars knowledge and questions his knowledge, this line also suggests that the scholars are naive and in actual they don’t know what they are talking about. This shows a slight arrogance on the speakers part as it makes it seem as if the speaker has the knowledge and the scholars don’t. It also shows that maybe Dickinson has experienced death since she is so confident. The word ‘puzzles’ in this poem associates to confusion, which shows that Dickinson is mocking the puritan values as she claims they don’t have enough knowledge or understanding about something they believe in so strongly. The line ends with a dash this may represent how the scholars are trying to work out something which is not able to be understood and the dash may represent the endless search for answerers. Similarly in poems 280 she also highlights the puritanisms nativity by saying ‘That sense was breaking through-‘ this makes the puritans seem like they have no sense since she say ‘sense was breaking through’ its like she is implying that finally they are understanding. This line ends with a dash implying that the puritans are having some result and maybe that there is hope , this line also shows that the puritans are finally understanding god or religion. Dickinson criticises puritans again by saying ‘Faith slips-and laughs, and rallies’ from this we interpret that Dickinson is saying that faith can slip and is not always perfect. This picks at puritan values and makes it seem that they are not perfect, by saying this she implies that she may be something better then the people who follow puritan values. The word ‘slips’ associates to imperfection showing how Dickinson attacks puritan values it shows how she undermines the puritan values as imperfect and weak. Dickinson uses a dash after ‘slips’ in this line to emphasise the flaws of puritan values. The line has two comas in it, to slow the sentence down and really emphasise what Dickinson is saying, the comas also make us question the puritan beliefs. The capital letter of ‘Faith’ makes it something important and gives it a status. Similarly in poem 258 Dickinson says ‘That oppresses, like the Heft/Of Cathedral Tunes-‘ this line shows that the puritan values such as the cathedral tunes oppress people and put down there individualism. The word ‘Heft associates to something heavy or burden like, this shows how Dickinson attacks puritans since she is saying there traditions are suppressing, she also capitalises ‘Heft’ giving it a heavy and downwards feel, the capital letter almost literally puts a burden on the reader. Dickinson puts a dash at the end of this line since it shows a unfinished feeling and shows that their traditions are incomplete and they are never ending. Overall Dickinson does attack puritan values and mocks them. She repeatedly shows them to be oppressing and incomplete in the sense that puritans themselves are unaware of there teahings and faith.

swot - 1826 Words

SWOT This is used to help focus activities into areas of strength and where the greatest opportunities lie. This is used to identify the dangers that take the form of weaknesses and both internal and external threats. The four attributes of SWOT analysis: Strengths - What are the advantages? What is currently done well? (e.g. key area of best-performing activities of your company) Weaknesses - What could be improved? What is done badly? (e.g. key area where you are performing poorly) Opportunities - What good opportunities face the organization? (e.g. key area where your competitors are performing poorly) Threats - What obstacles does the organization face? (e.g. key area where your competitor will perform well) SWOT is an†¦show more content†¦Opportunities may arise from market, competition, industry/government and technology. Increasing demand for telecommunications accompanied by deregulation is a great opportunity for new firms to enter telecom sector and compete with existing firms for revenue. 4. Threats - Threats arise when conditions in external environment jeopardize the reliability and profitability of the organization’s business. They compound the vulnerability when they relate to the weaknesses. Threats are uncontrollable. When a threat comes, the stability and survival can be at stake. Examples of threats are - unrest among employees; ever changing technology; increasing competition leading to excess capacity, price wars and reducing industry profits; etc. Advantages of SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. It is a strong tool, but it involves a great subjective element. It is best when used as a guide, and not as a prescription. Successful businesses build on their strengths, correct their weakness and protect against internal weaknesses and external threats. They also keep a watch on their overall business environment and recognize and exploit new opportunities faster than its competitors. SWOT Analysis helps in strategic planning in following manner- a. It is a source of information for strategic planning. b. Builds organization’s strengths. c. Reverse its weaknesses. d. Maximize its response toShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1081 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis: A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) first used by Stanford Research Institute during 1960-1970 and it was presented by Mr. Albert S. Humphrey a American business and management consultant by using data from fortune 500 companies. We can succeed in our life if we use our talents to our full extent. Similarly, we‘ll have some problems if we know our weakness are, and if we manage these weaknesses so that we don’t matter in the work we do. 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SWOT analysis is a planning and brainstorming tool that helps people evaluate an idea or project for a business or formulate a business plan (Harmon, 2015). It should be noted that SWOT analysis is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, OpportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 Pages A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage Internal Strengths 1. Self-motivated 2. I am organised; accurate and pay attentionRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot852 Words   |  4 PagesStrength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, commonly known as a SWOT analysis is used by businesses. 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