Business Model of Amazon

Substance misuse term - Essay Example It isn't clear why a few people create liquor use issues and others don't, in spite of the fact that there is a solid hereditary connection. At first, liquor is regularly used to relieve agony or conceal frailties. After some time, misuse and reliance can create. Numerous individuals frequently neglect to comprehend the contrast between liquor misuse and liquor reliance. Liquor misuse happens when you over and again drink liquor despite the fact that it causes huge issues throughout your life. Misuse disturbs your connections, makes you miss work (frequently because of headaches), and disregard individual and work commitments. It can prompt legitimate issues, for example, being captured for untidy direct or drinking while at the same time driving. You don't need to drink every day or drink a lot of liquor to have a maltreatment issue. While if liquor misuse proceeds, it can prompt reliance - a physical and enthusiastic dependence on liquor. You will most likely be unable to stop drin king all alone, in any event, when you need to. With reliance, you feel constrained to drink, and it rules your life. You may design your exercises around liquor and may drink subtly or shroud the sum that you drink. After some time, it will take bigger measures of liquor before you feel its belongings. You may get fractious, begin to regurgitation, sweat and shake when you can't drink or attempt to stop all alone. Liquor Alcohol misuse can be available if these side effects exist: One of the early indications of a liquor issue is having power outages timeframes where you were wakeful yet don't recollect what happened while you were drinking. For instance, you are harmed while drinking yet don't recall how it occurred. Having unexplained wounds identified with liquor use or keep on drinking in spite of the issues it causes. The individual may likewise turn out to be truly forceful when inebriated. Numerous individuals who misuse liquor deny they have an issue and view themselves as social consumers since they don't drink each day. Liquor misuse can create in a brief timeframe or bit by bit over your lifetime. First and foremost, your drinking may not seem, by all accounts, to be any not the same as the manner in which others drink. A few people drink just once in a while however drink a ton (gorge consumers), which can prompt liquor misuse. After some time, your drinking may turn into a path fo r you to feel typical or to adapt to life's issues. There are sure hazard factors which increment the possibility of liquor misuse. Having a family ancestry - this incorporates a hereditary connection - and introduction to liquor at a spot where the individual grows up. Utilizing liquor at an early age ends up being perilous in light of the fact that the previous the presentation, the higher the danger of creating liquor use issues as a grown-up. Utilizing or manhandling different substances, for example, nicotine, illicit medications, or physician recommended meds may likewise build maltreatment of liquor. Psychological sickness - Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a psychological sickness wherein an individual's state of mind shifts back and forth between extraordinary madness and gloom. Bipolar turmoil is additionally called hyper burdensome ailment. At the point when hyper, individuals with bipolar turmoil feel seriously thrilled, grandiose, fiery, and touchy.

Why is soledad relevant to Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

For what reason is soledad applicable to Of Mice and Men Essay Soledad gets from the word Solitude, a condition of social confinement. It is the circumstance/condition of being separated from everyone else. Forlornness is characterized as an enthusiastic state wherein an individual (or creature) encounters a colossal sentiment of void and detachment. Depression and disconnection is a topic that is reflected continually all through Of Mice and Men, for example, the characters, in the minor activities that the characters seek after, for this situation, when the men play solitaire, and furthermore the settings which are depicted to us that give us the possibility of forlornness. The characters in Of Mice and Men experience forlornness in different manners to one another through the story. A large number of the men who work at the farm travel alone alongside George and Lennie. This intrigues different men yet likewise dubious of their intentions. A large number of the laborers and characters at the farm can be viewed as forlorn in the manner that they are isolated from their families and civilisation, be that as it may, the characters which are the fundamental survivors of depression in Of Mice and Men are Curley’s spouse, George and Crooks. John Steinbeck depicts Curley’s Wife as the main female on the farm and gives the peruser a portrayal to distinguish her with ‘Full, rouged lips and wide-divided eyes, vigorously made up. Her fingernails were red’ (Page 32), Steinbeck presents her as an excellent young lady who is particularly speaking to the men at the farm. As we progress in the book we locate that one of the men Whit clarifie s, â€Å"I never observed no one like her. She got the eye goin’ all the time on everyone. I wager she even gives the steady buck the eye. I don’t realize what the heck she wants† (Page 51). It is before long found that Curley’s Wife is continually searching for Curley and he is continually searching for her. Anyway this is only her explanation with the goal that she can circumvent the farm attempting to converse with all the men and stand out enough to be noticed, which she doesn’t get from Curley. The men anyway are wary of her as Curley is forceful and uncomfortable when anybody converses with his significant other or when she converses with anybody at the farm. So what happens when Lennie, who has been advised not to talk or express anything to anyone at the farm, starts to speak with Curley’s Wife, an alluring, manipulative and desolate lady. Clearly the most exceedingly awful will happen when this event happens (Lennie and Curley’s Wife talking), as Curley is as of now dubious of him and George, and George has explicitly advised Lennie not to speak with anybody in light of late terrible occasions. Lennie said to Curley’s Wife as t hey sit alone in the animal dwellingplace, , â€Å"No, sir. I ain’t going to converse with you or nothing† (Page 85), as the discussion goes on Curley’s Wife says, â€Å"Why can’t I converse with you? I never get the opportunity to converse with no one. I get horrendous lonely.† Lennie answers to this circumstance the main way he knows how, â€Å"Well, I ain’t expected to converse with you or nothing.† â€Å"I get lonely† Curley’s Wife said. â€Å"You can converse with individuals, yet I can’t converse with no one yet Curley. Else he gets distraught. How’d you like not to converse with anybody?† (Page 85). Curley’s Wife being the main female on the farm and with the confined correspondence imparted to some other people on the farm, was simply attempting to get the consideration she accepts she merited and obviously required, so she would not feel the loneliest and emptiest she has been since the time she wedded Curley. Despite the fact that George goes with Lennie, he is genuinely and socially alone. George’s accomplice Lennie is intellectually moderate, implying that correspondence between the two men is disappointing as Lennie doesn't get George and George is continually irritated at the sheer actuality that Lennie isn’t exceptionally splendid, constantly committing errors which push them into difficulty. â€Å"An’ whatta I got,† George went on irately. â€Å"I got you! You can’t keep an occupation and you free me ever’ work I get. Jus’ keep me shovin’ everywhere throughout the nation constantly. An’ that ain’t the most noticeably terrible. You get in a difficult situation. You do terrible things and I got the chance to get you out.† His voice rose almost to a yell. â€Å"You insane bastard. You keep me in high temp water all the time.† (Page 13) George is continually taking his annoyance out on Lennie by hollering at him as he accepts this is the manner in which it will break through to Lennie however this doesn't win and leaves George angrier than when he started yelling at Lennie. As this reoccurring disturbance towards Lennie happens even at the farm it is recognized by one character; Crooks converses with Lennie in the horse shelter, â€Å"Sometimes he talks, and you don’t realize what the heck heâ€⠄¢s talkin’ about. Ain’t that so?† (Page 69). George has no other companionship with any other individual, as he ventures alone in life aside from one aggravation, Lennie. As disastrous as it may be, Lennie is viewed as an unsettling influence and hindrance to George. Despite the fact that Lennie might be convenient, he’s neither splendid nor insightful. In authenticity, it seems like George himself is attempting to get away from the sentiment of vacancy and the truth of dejection. Anyway he just gets himself incapable to bond with Lennie in any capacity, leaving him attempting to play his one man game with his deplorable impediment accomplice. Evildoers, the steady animal dwellingplace, who lives in a little shed that begins from the outbuilding is presented to dejection as he minds his own business in his little and abandoned room. ‘Scattered about the floor were various individual belongings; for being distant from everyone else, criminals could leave his things about.’ (Page 66). At the point when initially depicting Crooks, the creator puts and basic message in our mind of forlornness as to give us this is one of the most significant topics which is uncontrolled all through Of Mice and Men. Evildoers faces forlornness and mostly shields himself to disconnection because of partiality from the individuals around him. He accepts everybody is against him since he is a ‘negro’ anyway this may not generally be simply the situation, he just keeps so he doesn’t need to manage getting sorrow off any of different men, particularly Curley. Accordingly, Crooks, Curley’s Wife and George may all be forlorn in various manners to one another, and different men, in any case, they all vibe vacancy and it seems like they are for the most part playing their own game each as a single individual man (or lady). A game played routinely by the men, George specifically, is Solitaire. This game is constantly played by one individual which can be extremely important in the tale Of Mice and Men when Steinbeck is reflecting to us the possibility of depression. At the point when George plays the round of solitaire he does this by itself like he is playing his own game doing it the manner in which he needs to. In any case, as a general rule, he is constantly stayed with Lennie. This is only a method of escaping from the way that Lennie is cutting him down, so he can play his own game not continually managing the obstacle of his accomplice. This game is likewise the foretelling of forlornness, to give us that when George must shoot Lennie, he has been bound to be distant from everyone else, the same to different characters. In any event, when he had Lennie he felt alone, and now without even a friendship he is still alone, playing his own lone round of life. The game solitaire is an organized game, ‘George spread out his purposeful solitaire hand †seven cards, and six on top, and five on those’ (Page 52). George may relate the game to how he might want his life to be. A structure set out with certain results depending on destiny, however an autonomous game played by one person. All in all, the round of solitaire hints dejection principally through the character of George yet in addition through the minor activities of the other laborers at the farm. The farm is set a couple of miles from Soledad, California and is geologically detached from other human contact, aside from the laborers and Curley’s spouse who likewise live on the premises of the farm. The sentiment of disengagement is promptly set upon us as Steinbeck creates a depiction to order an image and gather proof that the characters will undoubtedly be forlorn at the farm. On the farm there are just a couple of little places where the characters invest their energy when they are not working. The bunkhouse is an extremely plain room where the laborers rest, this is the place George and Lennie have a couple of private discussions, alongside different occasions, for example, the contention over candy’s hound, the round of solitaire being played and the profound discussions among George and individual specialist Slim. Criminals isn’t welcome in the bunkhouse by different men and this turns out to be clear when Crooks says to Lennie in his horse shelter, â€Å"I ain’t needed in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t needed in my room† (Page 68). Criminals lives in a little room off the outbuilding where he minds his own business, having practically zero correspondence with anybody except if it is to carry out his responsibility as the steady buck. When Lennie, and afterward not long after Candy, go into his room, Crooks is mishap yet at the same time dubious of why they are irritating him, he attempts to shroud his disarray and perhaps happiness with outrage, despite the fact that Steinbeck says ‘It was hard for law breakers to hide his pleasure with anger’ (Page 74). His room is confined from the others on the farm which leaves him forlorn constantly. Some other setting in the story that is for the most part remote is the animal dwellingplace. The main individuals who visit the horse shelter are Lennie, when he is petting his puppy, and Curley’s Wife when she takes conceal in there as it is cool. The outbuilding is disconnected to different places on the farm in that when Curley’s Wife shouted for help because of the moves Lennie had made, her cries were too removed th

Terrorism No Easy Definition - Free Essay Example

Running Head: TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION Why is Terrorism so hard to define? Violence Undefined TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION Abstract My first Reaction Paper in Module 2 discusses why terrorism is so hard to define. This paper will address the many uses of extreme force and violence that is meant to make the government or population alter its direction. Dyson states, it can take a variety of forms, including left wing, right wing, special interest, single issue, religious, ethnic, and hate. (Dyson, 2012, p. 34-35). Of course, some people believe, for instance, terrorism can only be performed in a group but they can be individual as well. TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 3 Violence Everywhere Terrorism is very difficult to define. When a person thinks of terrorism, the first thing they may think of is the pain, fear, and violence. Even though there are some actions that do cause pain and fear, it is not necessarily considered terrorism A local s treet gang could induce fright on the part of the neighborhood . . Motorcycle gang riding down main street of a small community could generate fear to the townspeople . . strikers could be frightened by union busters. robber could cause extreme panic in his victim if he suddenly shot out the windows of the persons store. (Dyson, 2012, p. 19) Moreover, the word Terrorist was first used because of the Revolutionary government. It provided the example of future states in coercing their populations as well as inspiring a reaction by the traditionalists and other opponents. These terrorists used tactics such as murder and pressure for those who resisted the Revolutionary agents. Further, due to the violent political actions over the past few years, a majority of individuals assume that any extreme violence is considered terrorism because they believe it is for political intentions. Too, state, county, and local governments, have been known to use the FBIs definition. The definit ion is any unlawful use or action that intimidates or even coerces a government or its people for political or even social objectives will not be accepted at all. (Dyson, 2012, p. 25) Since the FBI is considered law enforcement and in their eyes specifically terrorism is a crime, other agencys that are more concerned with the intelligence of terrorist, is not bothered about the legal aspect. In addition, different particular interest and civil rights groups will more than likely work on the definition so that their interest is noted. In an effort to eliminate their members from the general population, the group representing a specific ethnic or religious group will want to TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 4 ensure their definition is broad enough. Therefore, not only is terrorism illegal but anyone in the field of fighting terrorism believes the definition should be the use of extreme violence meant to a change both the government and society. Although law enforcement and g overnmental agencies do not consider marches, demonstrations, etc. terrorism, special interest organizations want to be sure their definition be included. This ensures that the legal activities are included in the scope of terrorism. Just because the protests turn into riots does not mean it is actually terrorism. And, to understand the concept of terrorism, numerous questions should be addressed does a terrorist have to seek the overthrow of the government? Does terrorist have to attempt to kill people? Does a terrorist have to frighten the entire population? Does a terrorist have to employ physical violence? Is there a minimal amount of damage that must be done be before an attack can be classified as being terrorism? (Dyson, 2012, p. 21-22) Depending on the type of terrorism, would determine the particular type of terrorism. For instance, the FBIs definition of domestic terrorism is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ . unlawful use, or threatened use, of force or violence by a group or indiv idual based and operating entirely within the United States or Puerto Rico without foreign directions and whose acts are directed at elements of the U.S. government or its population.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Dyson, 2012, p. 25) While the domestic terrorism deals with the United States, the International Terrorism deals with the unlawful, threatened use of force or violence directed at the United States. (Dyson, 2012, p. 25) Equally important are the different types of terrorism than can be both domestic and international. For instance, the left-wing extremist could be considered both because they desire to alter things not tried before and that although Americans are considered good, the government currently has the responsibility for its citizens. One example of the left-wing extremist is the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). FARC mainly operates in Columbia TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 5 with behaviors of extortion, weapons acquisition, logistics, kidnapping, bombin gs, mortar attacks and murder against the Colombian military. Economic and political targets, as well as guerrilla and conventional military action, are also performed by FARC. Because the United States supports the Columbian Government, FARC believes the United States personnel to be a legitimate military target. This group is against the government, capitalism, and the environment. Another example of the left-wing extremist is Ted Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber. He was against the development and progressive technology of the United States as he tried to improve a nature-centered form of a revolt. Another type of terrorism is the Right-Wing Extremism. These domestic terrorist groups are inspired by philosophies such as distrust of the government, anti-immigration, and tax, etc. Once such example is that of Timothy McVeigh, who set off a bomb at the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City twenty (20) years ago. His goal was to resist open-minded governments while conservi ng the traditional public orders as well as wanting to be considered by militias and gang. The fascist Nazi dictatorship and the Klu Klux Klan group are also examples of Right-Wing Extremism because they also, not only operate in the United States, but in Russia and Germany. The Right-Wing Extremism prefers not to have a government, which would make them anarchist and just like the Left Wing, can be considered both domestic and international. Next is the Single-Issue or the Special-Interest Terrorism. Although the group does not violently attack and does not have a political agenda, they are known to be responsible for the most number of incidents. They want to solve specific issues by conducting acts of violence for a particular cause for example animal rights, environmental, pro-life and anti-nuclear. Issues of both domestic and international terrorism are usually single-issue groups such as animal rights, TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 6 Anti-abortion, eco-issues, and anti-genetic engineering. Special interest terrorism is different from the traditional right wing and left-wing because the extremist special interest groups look to resolve particular issues, rather than influence more extensive political change. Domestic terrorists respond after a trigger happens, even though most are not psychotic. An example of is Timothy McVeigh. He was the individual who bombed the Murrah building in Oklahoma City after the FBI and ATF invaded David Koresh Branch Davidian compound. Another type of terrorism is Religious Terrorism. Religious Terrorism can be dangerous because the passion for sacrificing them for the cause comes into play. There are all kinds of tactics, such as suicide bombings, that is used to ensure their points are made and to help inspire this passion. The only other department that defines international terrorism is the State Department. They describe international terrorism as involving individuals of more than the one (1) country t o control its population. In the late 1700 to early 1800s, the French Revolution had many executions. That was the first state terrorism. In conclusion, the difficulty in conveying a complete definition of terrorism remains not only in the motives, targets and methods that vary from case-to-case, but the connections within each group make it impossible. TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION 7 References 1. Dyson, W. E. (2012). Terrorism: An investigators handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Horned Gopher (Ceratogaulus) - Facts and Figures

Name: Horned Gopher; also known as Ceratogaulus (Greek for horned marten); pronounced seh-RAT-oh-GALL-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Epoch: Late Miocene (10-5 million years ago) Size and Weight: About one foot long and a few pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head with small, beady eyes; paired horns on snout About the Horned Gopher (Ceratogaulus) One of the most improbable megafauna mammals of Miocene North America, the Horned Gopher (genus name Ceratogaulus) certainly lived up to its name: this foot-long, otherwise inoffensive gopher-like creature sported a pair of sharp horns on its snout, the only rodent ever known to have evolved such an elaborate head display. To judge by its small eyes and mole-like, long-clawed front hands, Ceratogaulus evaded the predators of its North American habitat and avoided the noonday heat by burrowing into the ground--a trait shared by the prehistoric armadillo Peltephilus, the only other known horned, burrowing mammal in the fossil record. (The Horned Gopher also bears an uncanny resemblance to the mythical Jackalope, which, however, seems to have been made up out of whole cloth sometime in the 1930s.) The big question, of course, is: why did the Horned Gopher evolve horns? An amazing amount of paperwork has been expended on this mystery, the most likely answer coming to us via the process of elimination. Since both male and female Horned Gophers possessed horns of roughly the same size, these horns clearly couldnt have been a sexually selected characteristic--that is, males didnt impress females during mating season with their long horns--and the structures were oriented in such a way that they would have been of practically no use in digging. The only logical conclusion is that these horns were intended to intimidate predators; a hungry Amphicyon, for instance, might have thought twice about lunching on the bite-sized Ceratogaulus (and getting a mouthful of painful horn in the process) if a more easily swallowed creature happened to be cowering nearby.

The Effects Of Water And Drinking Water On Our Society Essay

Experiment Introduction Body Paragraph #1 - Background: Everyone cherishes water on a daily basis because it is an element on earth. Without water, there would be no life on this earth, meaning humans and spices. So the quality of water and drinking water is and should be important for people and other species on this earth. It is very important that water researchers are used to continually keep our drinking clean water flowing through our society. There is about 99% of water is composed primarily so salt water. So the other 1% the earth’s population survives off of fresh water available. When water isn’t treated so it would be called a waterborne disease is caused by drinking contaminated or dirty, water. Buy drinking contaminated water, it could cause a different variety of diseases like Cholera, Guinea it is a worm disease, Typhoid, and Dysentery. Water that is related to this disease 1.8 million deaths each year(Unicef.org, 2003). Today day and age research has come a long way which is s aving hundreds of lives which research needs to stay strong and improve and become more advanced. So one day there is enough clear water across the world for every person and spices that is on earth. Body Paragraph # 2 - Objective: During this experiment, I will be running multiple tests using some various contaminated water that will not be drinkable. By doing this I will be using a method to cleanse the contaminated water can be drinkable again. If we all want to know if thisShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review On Drinking Fountains1734 Words   |  7 Pages REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Immersive research on drinking fountains especially in our 21st century society with diverse cultural behavior created different studies conducting different behavioral and health related impacts on drinking fountains. 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The water in our lakes and rivers is not safe to drink due to the toxins from vehicles, industrial plants, and natural sources. It is sad how much we take drinking water for granted. In many countries around the world, they do not have easy access to drinking water like we do here in America. In today’s society, when we receive water from a lake or river, it must be treated and cleaned before people can drink it. The drinking waterRead MoreToothpaste Persuasive Speech1400 Words   |  6 Pagesstatement: Toothpaste: We use toothpaste to brush our teeth everyday (hopefully). We here in America love to have white teeth and from the time we are very young, we are told by our parents and our dentists that we need to brush twice daily with fluoride in order to pre vent cavities. But what if I told you that toothpaste was poisonous? 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Case Study VW Environmental Scandal

Question: Discuss about theCase Studyfor VW Environmental Scandal. Answer: Introduction and Purpose It has always been crucial to maintain sustainability in the business operations to achieve success in the long run. The companies need to understand that operating in a sustainable manner would always be in the best interest of all the stakeholders. The focus of the companies should be equally allocated to the society, environment, and profiteering. The profit making should not be the only criteria to measure the performance. The companies should seek to strike out adequate balance between the needs of the society, environment, and person profiteering (Jackson, Boswell, and Davis, 2011). In absence of this balance, sooner or later financial collapse of the company is certain. In the context of this, in the report presented here, the case of Volkswagen (VW) Group has been analyzed. The analysis carried out in this report covers the discussion on the breach of the environmental laws by VW group of companies. Further, the analysis covers various accounting and finance theories to expla in the impact of that breach on the share prices. Terms of Social Contract The social contract signifies an understanding of the terms between the individuals living in the society. The understanding established through the social contract between the people is of morals or the political obligations. According to this theory, the people living in the society must be faithful and ethical to each other (Erckel, 2009). In the context of this, going through the case of VW group, it has been found out that the group has violated the term of social contract. In the case of VW group, it has been observed that the group circumvented the rules and regulations of the clean air act. The vehicles of VW group were found to be failing in the emission test and thus, the use of VW vehicles was considered hazardous to the environment and the society. The impact of health people was assessed which showed that 59% of the premature deaths were due to excess pollution caused by the defective vehicles. Thus, the vehicles sold by VW group were responsible for contamination of the environment and the premature deaths, which proves that the group clearly violated the terms of social contract, which requires everyone to be ethical towards the society. Reaction of VW Group Management Following the media release about the environmental scandal of VW, the chief executive officer of the group, Martin Winterkorn, accepted the allegations. However, the CEO denied any fault on his part. Further, VW group appointed new CEO as a result of resignation of the existing CEO. The reaction of VW group does not seem justified because replacing only the CEO will not cure the defects in the system. As per the justification theory, VW group should have considered changing the entire system analyzing the rationality (Forst, 2012). Further, the CEO of the group should also have accepted his accountability towards to the environmental scam. Reaction of other Companies within the Automobile Industry The companies operating in the same industry are connected with each other whether directly or indirectly. Thus, if one company in the industry comes out with adverse performance, the performance of peers is also affected. Immediately, after the revelations of the environmental scam, the other companies in the automobile industry should have been alert to the situation. Impact of Share Price of VW after Revelations of the Emission Scandal The stocks prices in the capital market are affected by several factors one among those factors is the market sentiments. The market sentiments refer to the psychology of the investors, which is affected by the good or bad news about a particular stock in the market. The good news about the stock creates the market sentiments in its favor which generally results in appreciation in the value of stock. On the other hand, the bad news causes negative market sentiments resulting in downfall in the value of stock (Mitra and Mitra, 2011). In the case of VW group, the market sentiments went negative when the bad news that the company has violated the environmental laws came out. The impact of negative market sentiments was perceived to be severe as the stocks price dropped heavily. It could be observed that VWs stock price dropped from $183.57 to $123.80 when the group was served a notice of violations of the clean air act from environmental protection agency. The primary reason for this se vere downfall in the price of stock was loss of confidence in the investors after the revelations of the violations of clean air act. Market Efficiency/Inefficiency The efficient market hypothesis established that the movement in the prices of the stocks incorporates all the available information adequately. Further, it states that the securities such as stocks are always fairly priced and the movements in the prices are always justified and reflect the true worth of the stock (Bailey, 2005). However, the market inefficiency theory opposes this view and establishes that sometimes the movement in the price does not reflect the true worth of the stock. In the current case of VW, having a look on the drop in the price of stock, it could be asserted that it does not reflect an efficient market. The price of stock started collapsing before the revelations of the scandal and on the day when the news came out in the market, the stock dropped significantly down. Impact of Collapse of One Company on Others in the Same Industry The asset pricing theory states that the return on a particular stock is correlated with various macro economic factors such as gross domestic product, inflation, and interest rates (Koch, 2009). According to the principle enunciates in this theory, the price of a stock is not dependent only one factor rather its a result of combined impact of all the relevant factors. Thus, it could be asserted that the roots of all the companies working in an industry are linked to each other whether directly or indirectly. Further, the fundamental accounting concepts could also be applied to understand the relationship among the companies working in a particular sector or industry. For example, there would be companies in the automobile industry out which some would be supplier of VW and some would be customers of VW. The negative financial performance of VW would certainly affect the financial position of the suppliers of VW, thus, the impact of downfall in the share price of VW could be also be perceived on the their share prices. Further, the associate companies which have investment in VW would also face consequences of the negative sentiments in the market. The market sentiments that other automobile companies may also get exposed in future will affect the share prices of those other automobile companies which not even associated with VW in any manner. Thus, its the correlation of the companies working in an industry which causes negative of one company to pass on to others. Using the Profit as the Only Measure of Performance The accounting framework of triple bottom line outlines that the corporations should seek to maintain a proper balance between three measures such as people, planet, and profit. This balance is crucial for every company to be successful in the long run by achieving sustainable development. Thus, it could be inferred that the companies should not only focus on the maximization of profit, but they should also keep welfare of the society and protection of the environment in focus (Jackson, Boswell, and Davis, 2011). Sustainability which refers to the long and healthy life is achievable only when the company maintains an adequate balance between people, planet, and profit. In the absence of an adequate balance in these three measures, the company will not be able survive in the long run. In the above context, the current example could be taken of the VW group, which collapsed due to inadequate balance among people, planet, and profit. The company focused too much on the profit aspect while disregarded the considerations towards to the society and environment by producing cars which were less costly but harmful to the environment. The company made huge profits from sale of these cars, but lost even more when the defective cars were caught up by the regulatory authorities. Thus, it could be articulated that the considering the profit as the only performance measure is not in the long run interest of the business. Conclusion The discussion carried out in this report revolves around the case of environmental scandal of VW group. The VW group which manufactures world class cars was hold liable for producing cars having defeat device causing emission of nitrogen oxide in excess of permissible limit. The use of such cars produced by VW caused serious damage to the environment and the society and resultantly the regulators imposed heavy fine and penalty. Due to this mess, the stocks price of VW collapsed from $183.57 to $123.80, which caused serious loss to the investors. The group pocketed huge money out of the sale of defective cars, but it all washed out in a flash after revelation of the scam. Thus, it could be articulated that the companies should not only focus on the profit making but society and environment should also be given equal importance. References Bailey, R.E. 2005. The Economics of Financial Markets. Cambridge University Press. Erckel, S. 2009. Classical Social Contract Theory: The Classical Social Contract Theories of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Compared. GRIN Verlag. Forst, R. 2012. The Right to Justification: Elements of a Constructivist Theory of Justice. Columbia University Press. Jackson, A., Boswell, K., and Davis, D. 2011. Sustainability and Triple Bottom Line Reporting What is it all about? International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 1(3), pp. 55-59. Koch, C. 2009. The Arbitrage Pricing Theory as an Approach to Capital Asset Valuation. GRIN Verlag. Mitra, G. and Mitra, L. 2011. The Handbook of News Analytics in Finance. John Wiley Sons.

understending cloud computing Essays - Cloud Computing,

Understanding cloud computing: Cloud computing represents a major change in how we store digital information and run computer applications. Instead of running programs and storing data on an individual desktop computer, everything is hosted in the "cloud" an assemblage of computers and servers accessed via the Internet. Our applications and documents are in the process of moving from the desktop into what experts call the cloud thousands of computers and servers, all linked together and accessible via the Internet. With cloud computing, everything we used to do on our desktop computer is now done over the web; we can access all our programs and documents from any computer that's connected to the Internet. How does cloud computing work and how will it affect the way we work? The software programs we use are stored computer we own. The documents we create are stored on the computer on which they were created. And, although documents can be accessed from other computers on a network, they can't be accessed by computers outside the network. With cloud computing, the software programs we use aren't run from our personal computer, but are rather stored on servers housed elsewhere and accessed via the Internet. If our individual computer crashes, the software is still available for others to use. The same goes for the documents we create; they're stored on a collection of servers accessed via the Internet. Anyone with permission can not only access the documents, but can also edit and collaborate on those documents in real time. The applications and data served by the cloud are available to a broad group of users using different operating system platforms; access is via the Internet. Any authorized user can access these docs and apps from any computer over any Internet connection, using the common web browser. It isn't apparent whether cloud services are based on HTTP, HTML, XML, JavaScript, or other specific technologies; to the user, the technology and infrastructure behind the cloud is invisible. In short, cloud computing enables a shift from the computer to the user, from applications to tasks, and from isolated data to data that can be accessed from anywhere and shared with anyone. The user no longer has to take on the task of data management; he doesn't even have to remember where the data is. All that matters is that the data is in the cloud, and thus immediately available to that user and to other authorized users. Inside the Cloud: How Cloud Computing Works? In cloud computing, a network of computers functions as a single computer to serve data and applications to users over the Internet. The network exists in the "cloud" of IP addresses that we know as the Internet, offers massive computing power and storage capability, and enables wide-scale group collaboration. Simply, the cloud is a collection of computers and servers that are publicly accessible via the Internet. This hardware is typically owned and operated by a third party in one or more data center locations. The machines can run any combination of operating systems; it's the processing power of the machines that matter, not what their desktops look like. Individual users connect to the cloud from their own personal computers or portable devices. To these individual users, the cloud is seen as a single application, device, or document. The hardware in the cloud is invisible .This cloud architecture is deceptively simple, although it does require some intelligent management to con nect all those computers together and assign task processing to multitudes of users. Understanding Cloud Storage One of the primary uses of cloud computing is for offsite data storage. With cloud storage, data is stored on multiple third-party servers, rather than on the dedicated servers used in traditional networked data storage. When storing data, the user sees a virtual server?that is, it appears as if the data is stored in a particular place with a specific name. But that place doesn't exist in reality; it's just a pseudonym used to reference virtual space carved out of the cloud. In reality, the user's data could be stored on any one or more of the computers used to create the cloud. The actual storage location may differ from day to day or even minute